Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	16
Number of observations	13184
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	1.8 MiB
Average record size in memory	143.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	15
Categorical	1

Alerts

`song_name` has a high cardinality: 9893 distinct values	High cardinality
`acousticness` is highly overall correlated with `energy` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`energy` is highly overall correlated with `acousticness` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`loudness` is highly overall correlated with `acousticness` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`instrumentalness` is highly overall correlated with `loudness`	High correlation
`tempo` is highly overall correlated with `time_signature`	High correlation
`time_signature` is highly overall correlated with `tempo`	High correlation
`song_name` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`song_id` has unique values	Unique
`song_popularity` has 173 (1.3%) zeros	Zeros
`instrumentalness` has 5043 (38.3%) zeros	Zeros
`key` has 1520 (11.5%) zeros	Zeros
`audio_mode` has 4902 (37.2%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-11-24 22:18:22.138392
Analysis finished	2022-11-24 22:19:10.168774
Duration	48.03 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling vv3.5.0
Download configuration	config.json

song_id
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	13184
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	9397.5361

Minimum	0
Maximum	18832
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	938.15
Q1	4690.75
median	9406
Q3	14090.5
95-th percentile	17940.85
Maximum	18832
Range	18832
Interquartile range (IQR)	9399.75

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5443.0264
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.57919718
Kurtosis	-1.1957666
Mean	9397.5361
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4701.5
Skewness	0.0090966736
Sum	1.2389712 × 10⁸
Variance	29626537
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2231	1	< 0.1%
16583	1	< 0.1%
16908	1	< 0.1%
10155	1	< 0.1%
18150	1	< 0.1%
16694	1	< 0.1%
331	1	< 0.1%
18702	1	< 0.1%
16364	1	< 0.1%
17995	1	< 0.1%
Other values (13174)	13174	99.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
3	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
5	1	< 0.1%
7	1	< 0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%
10	1	< 0.1%
11	1	< 0.1%
12	1	< 0.1%
14	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
18832	1	< 0.1%
18830	1	< 0.1%
18829	1	< 0.1%
18828	1	< 0.1%
18827	1	< 0.1%
18825	1	< 0.1%
18824	1	< 0.1%
18822	1	< 0.1%
18821	1	< 0.1%
18820	1	< 0.1%

song_name
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM

Distinct	9893
Distinct (%)	75.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	103.1 KiB

Better	16
Promises (with Sam Smith)	13
FEFE (feat. Nicki Minaj & Murda Beatz)	12
Without Me	12
REEL IT IN	11
Other values (9888)	13120

Length

Max length	141
Median length	83
Mean length	16.634254
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	219306
Distinct characters	255
Distinct categories	16 ?
Distinct scripts	8 ?
Distinct blocks	8 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	8030 ?
Unique (%)	60.9%

Sample

1st row	Maneater - Radio Edit
2nd row	Better Off Alone
3rd row	Song That I Heard
4th row	Zumba
5th row	Bumper To Bumper

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Better	16	0.1%
Promises (with Sam Smith)	13	0.1%
FEFE (feat. Nicki Minaj & Murda Beatz)	12	0.1%
Without Me	12	0.1%
REEL IT IN	11	0.1%
I Like It	11	0.1%
Taki Taki (with Selena Gomez, Ozuna & Cardi B)	11	0.1%
MIA (feat. Drake)	11	0.1%
ZEZE (feat. Travis Scott & Offset)	11	0.1%
Sunflower - Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse	10	0.1%
Other values (9883)	13066	99.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1716	4.1%
the	1132	2.7%
feat	1051	2.5%
you	741	1.8%
me	634	1.5%
i	517	1.2%
love	477	1.1%
my	377	0.9%
a	373	0.9%
in	356	0.8%
Other values (8104)	34759	82.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	28949	13.2%
e	20370	9.3%
a	13261	6.0%
o	13144	6.0%
i	11174	5.1%
t	10150	4.6%
n	10052	4.6%
r	8990	4.1%
l	6754	3.1%
s	6708	3.1%
Other values (245)	89754	40.9%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	139886	63.8%
Uppercase Letter	39954	18.2%
Space Separator	28949	13.2%
Other Punctuation	3703	1.7%
Close Punctuation	1709	0.8%
Open Punctuation	1709	0.8%
Decimal Number	1679	0.8%
Dash Punctuation	1458	0.7%
Other Letter	152	0.1%
Currency Symbol	41	< 0.1%
Other values (6)	66	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ا	9	5.9%
ج	3	2.0%
ر	3	2.0%
د	3	2.0%
ي	3	2.0%
ل	3	2.0%
我	2	1.3%
中	2	1.3%
ン	2	1.3%
的	2	1.3%
Other values (113)	120	78.9%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	20370	14.6%
a	13261	9.5%
o	13144	9.4%
i	11174	8.0%
t	10150	7.3%
n	10052	7.2%
r	8990	6.4%
l	6754	4.8%
s	6708	4.8%
u	5005	3.6%
Other values (41)	34278	24.5%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
S	3206	8.0%
T	3040	7.6%
M	2994	7.5%
L	2574	6.4%
B	2488	6.2%
A	2186	5.5%
R	2062	5.2%
I	2038	5.1%
D	1959	4.9%
C	1900	4.8%
Other values (22)	15507	38.8%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	1519	41.0%
'	1065	28.8%
&	360	9.7%
,	342	9.2%
!	90	2.4%
/	89	2.4%
?	79	2.1%
"	64	1.7%
*	34	0.9%
:	34	0.9%
Other values (7)	27	0.7%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	365	21.7%
1	342	20.4%
2	333	19.8%
9	181	10.8%
5	95	5.7%
4	84	5.0%
3	78	4.6%
6	68	4.1%
8	67	4.0%
7	66	3.9%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	1672	97.8%
]	35	2.0%
》	2	0.1%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	1672	97.8%
[	35	2.0%
《	2	0.1%

Currency Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
$	39	95.1%
¥	1	2.4%
£	1	2.4%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
+	7	53.8%
\|	5	38.5%
<	1	7.7%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	35	89.7%
”	4	10.3%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
“	4	80.0%
‘	1	20.0%

Other Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
®	3	75.0%
°	1	25.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	28949	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	1458	100.0%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
´	3	100.0%

Modifier Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ー	2	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	179834	82.0%
Common	39314	17.9%
Han	75	< 0.1%
Arabic	37	< 0.1%
Katakana	20	< 0.1%
Hangul	20	< 0.1%
Cyrillic	5	< 0.1%
Greek	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	20370	11.3%
a	13261	7.4%
o	13144	7.3%
i	11174	6.2%
t	10150	5.6%
n	10052	5.6%
r	8990	5.0%
l	6754	3.8%
s	6708	3.7%
u	5005	2.8%
Other values (67)	74226	41.3%

Han

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
我	2	2.7%
中	2	2.7%
的	2	2.7%
不	2	2.7%
花	2	2.7%
要	2	2.7%
證	1	1.3%
維	1	1.3%
婭	1	1.3%
袁	1	1.3%
Other values (59)	59	78.7%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	28949	73.6%
)	1672	4.3%
(	1672	4.3%
.	1519	3.9%
-	1458	3.7%
'	1065	2.7%
0	365	0.9%
&	360	0.9%
,	342	0.9%
1	342	0.9%
Other values (39)	1570	4.0%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
겨	1	5.0%
잠	1	5.0%
음	1	5.0%
락	1	5.0%
연	1	5.0%
상	1	5.0%
비	1	5.0%
각	1	5.0%
조	1	5.0%
달	1	5.0%
Other values (10)	10	50.0%

Katakana

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ン	2	10.0%
タ	1	5.0%
ナ	1	5.0%
ソ	1	5.0%
ノ	1	5.0%
ア	1	5.0%
ピ	1	5.0%
ェ	1	5.0%
ヴ	1	5.0%
ト	1	5.0%
Other values (9)	9	45.0%

Arabic

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ا	9	24.3%
ج	3	8.1%
ر	3	8.1%
د	3	8.1%
ي	3	8.1%
ل	3	8.1%
و	2	5.4%
ك	2	5.4%
ع	2	5.4%
ز	2	5.4%
Other values (5)	5	13.5%

Cyrillic

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
к	1	20.0%
и	1	20.0%
л	1	20.0%
е	1	20.0%
г	1	20.0%

Greek

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ύ	1	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	218745	99.7%
None	353	0.2%
CJK	75	< 0.1%
Punctuation	47	< 0.1%
Arabic	37	< 0.1%
Katakana	24	< 0.1%
Hangul	20	< 0.1%
Cyrillic	5	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	28949	13.2%
e	20370	9.3%
a	13261	6.1%
o	13144	6.0%
i	11174	5.1%
t	10150	4.6%
n	10052	4.6%
r	8990	4.1%
l	6754	3.1%
s	6708	3.1%
Other values (75)	89193	40.8%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
é	81	22.9%
í	52	14.7%
ó	51	14.4%
á	40	11.3%
ñ	34	9.6%
ú	26	7.4%
¿	9	2.5%
ë	6	1.7%
Ü	5	1.4%
ê	5	1.4%
Other values (25)	44	12.5%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	35	74.5%
”	4	8.5%
“	4	8.5%
•	3	6.4%
‘	1	2.1%

Arabic

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ا	9	24.3%
ج	3	8.1%
ر	3	8.1%
د	3	8.1%
ي	3	8.1%
ل	3	8.1%
و	2	5.4%
ك	2	5.4%
ع	2	5.4%
ز	2	5.4%
Other values (5)	5	13.5%

CJK

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
我	2	2.7%
中	2	2.7%
的	2	2.7%
不	2	2.7%
花	2	2.7%
要	2	2.7%
證	1	1.3%
維	1	1.3%
婭	1	1.3%
袁	1	1.3%
Other values (59)	59	78.7%

Katakana

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ン	2	8.3%
ー	2	8.3%
・	2	8.3%
タ	1	4.2%
ナ	1	4.2%
ソ	1	4.2%
ノ	1	4.2%
ア	1	4.2%
ピ	1	4.2%
ェ	1	4.2%
Other values (11)	11	45.8%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
겨	1	5.0%
잠	1	5.0%
음	1	5.0%
락	1	5.0%
연	1	5.0%
상	1	5.0%
비	1	5.0%
각	1	5.0%
조	1	5.0%
달	1	5.0%
Other values (10)	10	50.0%

Cyrillic

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
к	1	20.0%
и	1	20.0%
л	1	20.0%
е	1	20.0%
г	1	20.0%

song_popularity
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	101
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	53.071905

Minimum	0
Maximum	100
Zeros	173
Zeros (%)	1.3%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	8
Q1	40
median	56
Q3	69
95-th percentile	85
Maximum	100
Range	100
Interquartile range (IQR)	29

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	21.769673
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.41019204
Kurtosis	-0.16022173
Mean	53.071905
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	14
Skewness	-0.50484316
Sum	699700
Variance	473.91867
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
58	292	2.2%
60	279	2.1%
63	270	2.0%
66	270	2.0%
70	269	2.0%
55	269	2.0%
62	267	2.0%
52	266	2.0%
61	261	2.0%
53	260	2.0%
Other values (91)	10481	79.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	173	1.3%
1	75	0.6%
2	76	0.6%
3	47	0.4%
4	67	0.5%
5	53	0.4%
6	50	0.4%
7	59	0.4%
8	61	0.5%
9	40	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	7	0.1%
99	10	0.1%
98	32	0.2%
97	27	0.2%
96	36	0.3%
95	42	0.3%
94	54	0.4%
93	22	0.2%
92	43	0.3%
91	66	0.5%

song_duration_ms
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	9117
Distinct (%)	69.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	218513.6

Minimum	12000
Maximum	1799346
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	12000
5-th percentile	141970.7
Q1	184876.5
median	211794
Q3	243160
95-th percentile	313545.25
Maximum	1799346
Range	1787346
Interquartile range (IQR)	58283.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	60074.785
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.27492469
Kurtosis	52.991666
Mean	218513.6
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	28806
Skewness	3.4821151
Sum	2.8808833 × 10⁹
Variance	3.6089797 × 10⁹
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
165000	19	0.1%
180000	16	0.1%
195000	14	0.1%
152000	14	0.1%
213309	13	0.1%
179404	12	0.1%
212500	12	0.1%
189000	12	0.1%
210367	11	0.1%
121346	11	0.1%
Other values (9107)	13050	99.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12000	1	< 0.1%
31373	1	< 0.1%
35920	1	< 0.1%
50014	1	< 0.1%
50508	1	< 0.1%
50573	1	< 0.1%
53066	1	< 0.1%
54539	1	< 0.1%
55213	1	< 0.1%
55720	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1799346	1	< 0.1%
1233666	1	< 0.1%
1047933	1	< 0.1%
833493	1	< 0.1%
829586	1	< 0.1%
805746	1	< 0.1%
760973	1	< 0.1%
747222	1	< 0.1%
745653	1	< 0.1%
736160	1	< 0.1%

acousticness
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	2918
Distinct (%)	22.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.2586286

Minimum	1.02 × 10^-6
Maximum	0.996
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.02 × 10^-6
5-th percentile	0.00070945
Q1	0.0251
median	0.132
Q3	0.422
95-th percentile	0.883
Maximum	0.996
Range	0.99599898
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.3969

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.28860154
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.1158918
Kurtosis	-0.088061909
Mean	0.2586286
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.12577
Skewness	1.0745901
Sum	3409.7595
Variance	0.083290851
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.13	32	0.2%
0.105	29	0.2%
0.153	29	0.2%
0.0215	28	0.2%
0.107	28	0.2%
0.102	28	0.2%
0.173	28	0.2%
0.135	26	0.2%
0.141	26	0.2%
0.119	26	0.2%
Other values (2908)	12904	97.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.02e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.37e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.4e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.8e-06	1	< 0.1%
1.95e-06	1	< 0.1%
2.18e-06	1	< 0.1%
2.42e-06	1	< 0.1%
3.19e-06	1	< 0.1%
3.26e-06	1	< 0.1%
3.41e-06	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.996	10	0.1%
0.995	18	0.1%
0.994	12	0.1%
0.993	19	0.1%
0.992	9	0.1%
0.991	10	0.1%
0.99	11	0.1%
0.989	6	< 0.1%
0.988	10	0.1%
0.987	5	< 0.1%

danceability
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	824
Distinct (%)	6.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.63378368

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.987
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.357
Q1	0.534
median	0.646
Q3	0.748
95-th percentile	0.875
Maximum	0.987
Range	0.987
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.214

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.15583833
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.24588567
Kurtosis	-0.047375405
Mean	0.63378368
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.106
Skewness	-0.39539975
Sum	8355.804
Variance	0.024285584
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.687	50	0.4%
0.657	50	0.4%
0.6	49	0.4%
0.659	49	0.4%
0.6940000000000001	48	0.4%
0.643	47	0.4%
0.757	47	0.4%
0.611	46	0.3%
0.755	45	0.3%
0.708	44	0.3%
Other values (814)	12709	96.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	2	< 0.1%
0.0617	1	< 0.1%
0.0625	1	< 0.1%
0.066	1	< 0.1%
0.0684	1	< 0.1%
0.0722	1	< 0.1%
0.081	1	< 0.1%
0.0812	1	< 0.1%
0.0833	1	< 0.1%
0.0855	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.987	1	< 0.1%
0.981	1	< 0.1%
0.978	1	< 0.1%
0.975	2	< 0.1%
0.972	1	< 0.1%
0.969	1	< 0.1%
0.968	1	< 0.1%
0.967	6	< 0.1%
0.966	1	< 0.1%
0.965	5	< 0.1%

energy
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	1058
Distinct (%)	8.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.64565028

Minimum	0.00107
Maximum	0.997
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.00107
5-th percentile	0.234
Q1	0.512
median	0.6745
Q3	0.816
95-th percentile	0.94
Maximum	0.997
Range	0.99593
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.304

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.21409813
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.33160077
Kurtosis	-0.12181959
Mean	0.64565028
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1505
Skewness	-0.62917805
Sum	8512.2532
Variance	0.04583801
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.7170000000000001	43	0.3%
0.7040000000000001	43	0.3%
0.7859999999999999	39	0.3%
0.73	39	0.3%
0.902	39	0.3%
0.63	37	0.3%
0.785	37	0.3%
0.675	37	0.3%
0.716	36	0.3%
0.75	36	0.3%
Other values (1048)	12798	97.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.00107	1	< 0.1%
0.00163	1	< 0.1%
0.00205	1	< 0.1%
0.00266	1	< 0.1%
0.00305	1	< 0.1%
0.00344	1	< 0.1%
0.00362	1	< 0.1%
0.00379	2	< 0.1%
0.00419	1	< 0.1%
0.00465	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.997	3	< 0.1%
0.996	5	< 0.1%
0.995	2	< 0.1%
0.994	3	< 0.1%
0.993	5	< 0.1%
0.992	3	< 0.1%
0.991	12	0.1%
0.99	10	0.1%
0.989	13	0.1%
0.988	12	0.1%

instrumentalness
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	3410
Distinct (%)	25.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.077063284

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.997
Zeros	5043
Zeros (%)	38.3%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	1.085 × 10^-5
Q3	0.0025325
95-th percentile	0.78085
Maximum	0.997
Range	0.997
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0025325

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.22045765
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.8607351
Kurtosis	7.7726789
Mean	0.077063284
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.085 × 10^-5
Skewness	3.0180309
Sum	1016.0023
Variance	0.048601574
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	5043	38.3%
3.33e-06	23	0.2%
1.16e-06	14	0.1%
0.00107	14	0.1%
4.91e-06	13	0.1%
0.00125	13	0.1%
1.03e-05	13	0.1%
0.00114	12	0.1%
1.07e-05	12	0.1%
0.391	11	0.1%
Other values (3400)	8016	60.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	5043	38.3%
1e-06	2	< 0.1%
1.01e-06	3	< 0.1%
1.02e-06	6	< 0.1%
1.03e-06	5	< 0.1%
1.04e-06	8	0.1%
1.05e-06	3	< 0.1%
1.06e-06	3	< 0.1%
1.07e-06	6	< 0.1%
1.08e-06	4	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.997	1	< 0.1%
0.989	1	< 0.1%
0.982	1	< 0.1%
0.979	1	< 0.1%
0.975	1	< 0.1%
0.974	1	< 0.1%
0.973	2	< 0.1%
0.972	1	< 0.1%
0.971	1	< 0.1%
0.969	2	< 0.1%

key
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	12
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.260088

Minimum	0
Maximum	11
Zeros	1520
Zeros (%)	11.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	2
median	5
Q3	8
95-th percentile	11
Maximum	11
Range	11
Interquartile range (IQR)	6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.6160569
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.68745178
Kurtosis	-1.3126961
Mean	5.260088
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	0.010493256
Sum	69349
Variance	13.075867
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=12)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1576	12.0%
0	1520	11.5%
7	1430	10.8%
2	1207	9.2%
9	1178	8.9%
11	1129	8.6%
5	1085	8.2%
6	966	7.3%
8	931	7.1%
4	922	7.0%
Other values (2)	1240	9.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1520	11.5%
1	1576	12.0%
2	1207	9.2%
3	347	2.6%
4	922	7.0%
5	1085	8.2%
6	966	7.3%
7	1430	10.8%
8	931	7.1%
9	1178	8.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11	1129	8.6%
10	893	6.8%
9	1178	8.9%
8	931	7.1%
7	1430	10.8%
6	966	7.3%
5	1085	8.2%
4	922	7.0%
3	347	2.6%
2	1207	9.2%

liveness
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	1351
Distinct (%)	10.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.17880143

Minimum	0.0109
Maximum	0.986
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.0109
5-th percentile	0.0572
Q1	0.0927
median	0.121
Q3	0.22
95-th percentile	0.463
Maximum	0.986
Range	0.9751
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1273

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.14366175
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.80347092
Kurtosis	5.8235153
Mean	0.17880143
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.04105
Skewness	2.2244285
Sum	2357.3181
Variance	0.020638699
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.108	146	1.1%
0.106	141	1.1%
0.104	140	1.1%
0.102	135	1.0%
0.111	135	1.0%
0.11	132	1.0%
0.112	132	1.0%
0.109	131	1.0%
0.107	130	1.0%
0.105	125	0.9%
Other values (1341)	11837	89.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0109	1	< 0.1%
0.0148	1	< 0.1%
0.0186	1	< 0.1%
0.0193	1	< 0.1%
0.0196	3	< 0.1%
0.0206	1	< 0.1%
0.0219	1	< 0.1%
0.0222	7	0.1%
0.0233	2	< 0.1%
0.0237	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.986	1	< 0.1%
0.981	1	< 0.1%
0.979	1	< 0.1%
0.978	2	< 0.1%
0.974	1	< 0.1%
0.967	1	< 0.1%
0.961	1	< 0.1%
0.956	1	< 0.1%
0.952	3	< 0.1%
0.95	2	< 0.1%

loudness
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	6976
Distinct (%)	52.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-7.4452273

Minimum	-38.768
Maximum	1.585
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	13178
Negative (%)	> 99.9%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-38.768
5-th percentile	-14.3307
Q1	-9.03125
median	-6.5505
Q3	-4.897
95-th percentile	-3.154
Maximum	1.585
Range	40.353
Interquartile range (IQR)	4.13425

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.8446346
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-0.51638915
Kurtosis	6.7099718
Mean	-7.4452273
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.9185
Skewness	-1.9561566
Sum	-98157.877
Variance	14.781215
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-5.9910000000000005	14	0.1%
-4.884	13	0.1%
-6.044	13	0.1%
-6.246	12	0.1%
-3.714	12	0.1%
-6.439	12	0.1%
-5.335	12	0.1%
-9.127	12	0.1%
-4.589	12	0.1%
-4.206	12	0.1%
Other values (6966)	13060	99.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-38.768	1	< 0.1%
-36.729	1	< 0.1%
-36.281	1	< 0.1%
-35.449	1	< 0.1%
-35.389	1	< 0.1%
-34.255	1	< 0.1%
-33.859	1	< 0.1%
-33.246	1	< 0.1%
-32.195	1	< 0.1%
-31.921	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.585	1	< 0.1%
1.342	1	< 0.1%
0.878	1	< 0.1%
0.525	1	< 0.1%
0.198	1	< 0.1%
0.119	1	< 0.1%
-0.257	1	< 0.1%
-0.398	1	< 0.1%
-0.737	1	< 0.1%
-0.7390000000000001	1	< 0.1%

audio_mode
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.62818568

Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	4902
Zeros (%)	37.2%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	1
Q3	1
95-th percentile	1
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.48330751
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.76937047
Kurtosis	-1.7187962
Mean	0.62818568
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-0.53053232
Sum	8282
Variance	0.23358615
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=2)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	8282	62.8%
0	4902	37.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	4902	37.2%
1	8282	62.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	8282	62.8%
0	4902	37.2%

speechiness
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	1192
Distinct (%)	9.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.10120507

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.94
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.0289
Q1	0.0378
median	0.0553
Q3	0.117
95-th percentile	0.33285
Maximum	0.94
Range	0.94
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0792

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.10401039
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.0277191
Kurtosis	7.0209722
Mean	0.10120507
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0224
Skewness	2.3411287
Sum	1334.2877
Variance	0.010818161
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0337	46	0.3%
0.032	46	0.3%
0.031	44	0.3%
0.109	44	0.3%
0.0318	42	0.3%
0.0362	41	0.3%
0.0439	40	0.3%
0.0394	40	0.3%
0.038	39	0.3%
0.0357	39	0.3%
Other values (1182)	12763	96.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	2	< 0.1%
0.0228	2	< 0.1%
0.0229	1	< 0.1%
0.0231	3	< 0.1%
0.0234	2	< 0.1%
0.0235	1	< 0.1%
0.0236	3	< 0.1%
0.0238	2	< 0.1%
0.0239	3	< 0.1%
0.024	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.94	1	< 0.1%
0.936	1	< 0.1%
0.915	1	< 0.1%
0.906	1	< 0.1%
0.894	1	< 0.1%
0.8909999999999999	1	< 0.1%
0.8690000000000001	1	< 0.1%
0.831	2	< 0.1%
0.83	1	< 0.1%
0.826	1	< 0.1%

tempo
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	9331
Distinct (%)	70.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	121.00792

Minimum	0
Maximum	214.686
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	79.10505
Q1	98.8705
median	120.013
Q3	139.934
95-th percentile	174.07265
Maximum	214.686
Range	214.686
Interquartile range (IQR)	41.0635

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	28.663796
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.23687538
Kurtosis	-0.21119189
Mean	121.00792
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	20.035
Skewness	0.42991707
Sum	1595368.4
Variance	821.61319
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
120.013	14	0.1%
123.07	14	0.1%
128.03799999999998	13	0.1%
150.036	12	0.1%
125.978	12	0.1%
149.989	12	0.1%
97.064	11	0.1%
136.048	11	0.1%
95.948	11	0.1%
122.007	11	0.1%
Other values (9321)	13063	99.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	2	< 0.1%
46.591	1	< 0.1%
51.607	1	< 0.1%
56.983	1	< 0.1%
56.985	1	< 0.1%
57.0	1	< 0.1%
57.304	1	< 0.1%
57.523	1	< 0.1%
58.017	1	< 0.1%
59.54	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
214.686	1	< 0.1%
213.99	1	< 0.1%
213.226	1	< 0.1%
212.058	1	< 0.1%
211.644	1	< 0.1%
211.357	1	< 0.1%
210.75	1	< 0.1%
209.421	1	< 0.1%
208.969	1	< 0.1%
208.706	1	< 0.1%

time_signature
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.9604066

Minimum	0
Maximum	5
Zeros	3
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	4
Q1	4
median	4
Q3	4
95-th percentile	4
Maximum	5
Range	5
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.29858858
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.075393417
Kurtosis	48.847344
Mean	3.9604066
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-5.2255356
Sum	52214
Variance	0.089155141
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=5)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	12457	94.5%
3	511	3.9%
5	160	1.2%
1	53	0.4%
0	3	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	3	< 0.1%
1	53	0.4%
3	511	3.9%
4	12457	94.5%
5	160	1.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	160	1.2%
4	12457	94.5%
3	511	3.9%
1	53	0.4%
0	3	< 0.1%

audio_valence
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	1181
Distinct (%)	9.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.52841471

Minimum	0
Maximum	0.984
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	116.0 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.12815
Q1	0.332
median	0.528
Q3	0.728
95-th percentile	0.92485
Maximum	0.984
Range	0.984
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.396

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.24640268
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.46630548
Kurtosis	-0.99086456
Mean	0.52841471
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.198
Skewness	-0.022314421
Sum	6966.6195
Variance	0.060714279
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.961	52	0.4%
0.964	45	0.3%
0.505	39	0.3%
0.591	39	0.3%
0.399	36	0.3%
0.962	34	0.3%
0.376	34	0.3%
0.5329999999999999	33	0.3%
0.96	32	0.2%
0.329	31	0.2%
Other values (1171)	12809	97.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	2	< 0.1%
0.023	1	< 0.1%
0.0277	1	< 0.1%
0.0292	2	< 0.1%
0.0312	1	< 0.1%
0.0316	1	< 0.1%
0.0321	1	< 0.1%
0.0326	2	< 0.1%
0.0329	1	< 0.1%
0.033	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.984	1	< 0.1%
0.982	3	< 0.1%
0.981	2	< 0.1%
0.98	1	< 0.1%
0.979	2	< 0.1%
0.978	1	< 0.1%
0.977	3	< 0.1%
0.976	4	< 0.1%
0.975	3	< 0.1%
0.974	2	< 0.1%

Auto

The auto setting is an interpretable pairwise column metric of the following mapping:

Variable_type-Variable_type : Method, Range
Categorical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1]
Numerical-Categorical : Cramer's V, [0,1] (using a discretized numerical column)
Numerical-Numerical : Spearman's ρ, [-1,1]

The number of bins used in the discretization for the Numerical-Categorical column pair can be changed using config.correlations["auto"].n_bins. The number of bins affects the granularity of the association you wish to measure.

This configuration uses the recommended metric for each pair of columns.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows
Last rows

	song_id	song_name	song_popularity	song_duration_ms	acousticness	danceability	energy	instrumentalness	key	liveness	loudness	audio_mode	speechiness	tempo	time_signature	audio_valence
0	2231	Maneater - Radio Edit	58	270946	0.0153	0.728	0.518	0.000042	11	0.103	-11.114	0	0.038	88.708	4	0.833
1	18680	Better Off Alone	62	192835	0.0155	0.903	0.498	0.000008	8	0.105	-6.379	1	0.108	121.974	4	0.439
2	16908	Song That I Heard	59	237666	0.773	0.267	0.356	0.00176	8	0.167	-12.103	1	0.0317	92.272	4	0.314
3	10155	Zumba	60	263973	0.00205	0.729	0.894	0.021	5	0.128	-3.494	1	0.0397	124.992	4	0.832
4	18150	Bumper To Bumper	31	225933	0.148	0.771	0.735	0.0	5	0.288	-9.162	0	0.116	119.983	4	0.385
5	16694	Eighties	38	231133	0.000217	0.404	0.946	0.00168	2	0.411	-11.562	0	0.088	151.716	4	0.437
6	331	I'm A Man	14	176160	0.038	0.55	0.929	0.0	9	0.135	-5.765	1	0.0815	129.011	4	0.643
7	18702	Body	86	163216	0.0476	0.752	0.764	0.000094	1	0.0543	-4.399	1	0.038	121.958	4	0.582
8	16364	God's Gonna Cut You Down	66	158573	0.877	0.611	0.479	0.000006	5	0.106	-8.074	0	0.117	82.366	4	0.79
9	17995	Peaches N Cream	48	284213	0.0247	0.83	0.722	0.000001	0	0.0741	-6.099	1	0.0595	109.987	4	0.29

	song_id	song_name	song_popularity	song_duration_ms	acousticness	danceability	energy	instrumentalness	key	liveness	loudness	audio_mode	speechiness	tempo	time_signature	audio_valence
13174	9977	Confidently Lost	69	209885	0.272	0.666	0.39	0.000009	5	0.111	-8.575	1	0.0838	113.866	4	0.325
13175	14440	El Gato Volador	54	113867	0.0529	0.958	0.807	0.000654	6	0.924	-8.793	1	0.241	109.239	4	0.87
13176	8554	Black or White - Single Version	71	202853	0.0824	0.741	0.894	0.0527	4	0.089	-3.826	1	0.0495	114.869	4	0.96
13177	7280	WEAKEND	47	167800	0.262	0.628	0.505	0.00355	0	0.132	-8.091	1	0.164	137.04	4	0.0679
13178	7462	Leave Me Alone	69	195637	0.107	0.792	0.743	0.0	7	0.183	-2.806	1	0.0851	150.024	4	0.742
13179	8730	WORKIN ME	86	169620	0.182	0.79	0.629	0.000007	8	0.338	-4.055	1	0.142	170.023	4	0.267
13180	17365	Nobody Wants to Be Lonely - Ricky Martin with Christina Aguilera	53	252706	0.00579	0.635	0.854	0.0083	10	0.0623	-5.02	0	0.0612	100.851	4	0.59
13181	3236	Sinking Ship	53	247493	0.95	0.37	0.174	0.0029	4	0.11	-19.316	0	0.0377	92.75	4	0.181
13182	3161	The Light	76	179653	0.0178	0.83	0.577	0.000081	4	0.0436	-5.156	0	0.256	92.973	4	0.63
13183	8240	Do Wah Diddy Diddy	64	143400	0.262	0.661	0.557	0.0	4	0.0557	-8.244	1	0.049	125.445	4	0.957

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Other Punctuation

Decimal Number

Close Punctuation

Open Punctuation

Currency Symbol

Math Symbol

Final Punctuation

Initial Punctuation

Other Symbol

Space Separator

Dash Punctuation

Modifier Symbol

Modifier Letter

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Han

Common

Hangul

Katakana

Arabic

Cyrillic

Greek

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

None

Punctuation

Arabic

CJK

Katakana

Hangul

Cyrillic

Interactions

Correlations

Auto

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample